America Needs Better Funding For The Safety Net Programs

America, where the famous so-called â€Å"American Dream† was born, used to be the most influential nation in the world economy. However, since the Second World War, America’s economy has been in a free-fall. The â€Å"American Dream† is now only a remnant of long lost heydays. The reason why America has gotten to this dreadful situation may lie in the path that its government chose to develop. For instance, the truly needy do not have enough support from the Social Safety Net programs to get out of poverty: the tax systems should be progressive instead of regressive; wages and benefits are not equally allocated among the workers and the bosses, and there has been no attention to the maintenance and improvement of infrastructure for a very long time. In order to alter the unpleasant-big-picture of poverty and inequality, America needs better funding for the safety net programs, restructuring of the tax system, adjusting wages and benefits for both employers and e mployees so they can maintain their jobs and pay their bills, and ensuring that the federal government pay more attention to the development of infrastructure along the way. First things first, the safety net programs matter because they are a slew of projects that prevent the poor from falling below a certain poverty level. Safety net programs can be provided by public sector (state or aid donors), or private sector (non-governmental organizations, private firms, charities, or unofficial household transfer). The programsShow MoreRelatedSupport Children’s Programs1274 Words   |  6 Pagesdollars in cuts to programs for children† (Sanderson). Although the country is severely in debt and cuts definitely need to be made, it is not right that the children of America have to pay for the consequences. Why make children pay for something they did not contribute to? The government needs to continue supporting and funding programs that help children, such as A Keiki’s Dream, because these programs provides opportunities for them they may not receive any other way, these programs boosts children’sRead Moreprogressive tax fairness1322 W ords   |  6 Pagesand discussed around the dinner table of American families of various socioeconomic backgrounds for years. The Federal Government of the United States of America, like any governing body whether it be at a national, state, or local level, works (for lack of a better word) to generate revenue to make possible the funding of many public programs and services and repayment of national debt. Of course, the easiest way for any government to bring in revenue is through taxation of its citizens. If you’veRead MoreI Am Writing About The Social Welfare System Essay1432 Words   |  6 PagesI am writing about the Social Welfare System. How a system that was created for the purpose of helping the needy, has now become a highway for people to abuse of it. This public policy program has come to be a very controversial subject on both sides of the political arena. Originally created during the Great Depression, where the majority of households, through no fault of t heir own were living in poverty. Although many changes to the system have been made, the original focus is the same. ToRead MoreNational Debt : The Hamilton Proposal1309 Words   |  6 Pagesincrease taxes or reduce government spending. The Hamilton project proposes 15 different ways to reduce the deficit, which are broken down into four sections; social safety nets, tax reform, new sources of revenue, and establishing a budget for a modern military. The first component of the Hamilton proposal is establishing a social safety net. This is estimated to reduce the federal debt by $265 billion in the next ten years. This is done by 4 different ways. The first is transitioning to bundled paymentsRead MoreDavid K. Shipler s Work1696 Words   |  7 Pages David K. Shipler went on a journey trying to reveal the truth about Americas working poor. It was a little difficult trying to find different ways of getting enough information about the life of the poor, and getting them to feel comfortable explaining the stressful life that they lived in America the great. There were many different aspects and situations about people that were struggling to make it in America. David K. Shipler used many different research methods on this project, and wentRead MoreAmerican Health Care Delivery System1544 Words   |  7 Pagespatients, 2008). The Emergency department has become the safety net that catches those that fall through the cracks. If seen in the ER the individual will get the best possible care for the issue they came in for. In this case the child would be kept in the ER until they were able to clear her lungs and free her of the tightness and inability to take a deep breath. At that time the attending doctor will give a prescription for her immediate needs which would be an inhaler. Once the patient leaves theRead MoreHealth Care Reform Law : Effect On Nursing1214 Words   |  5 Pagesyet palpable signs of change in the nursing profession. Changes in federal loan programs are allowing more nursing students to go to school on a full-time basis, which means they will be able to enter the workforce sooner and help curb a looming shortage of nurses that threatens to undermine patient care. Ten health clinics around the country that are managed by nurses received a total of $15 million in federal funding, which will increase access to primary care services for thousands of low-incomeRead MoreSklar and the Economist: Inequality in America1687 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica was once known as the land of opportunity. However, that is no longer the case. Americans are still suffering from a depression that began three years ago in 2008. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in 2007, the United States unemployment rates were 4.6 percent. In 2009, one year after the depression began, the unemployment rate rose to 7.6 percent. Millions of Americans are living in poverty, unable to afford the basic necessities. On the other hand, there is a minuscule percentRead MoreState and Local Government Funding1642 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿State and Local Government Funding Background The depression of 1920 and 1930 was instrumental in starting programs for the housing of the poor. During the 1930s and till 1964 it was subsidized housing and the key players were the municipal authorities who wanted to bring in business and change the downtown areas. During the 1930s, attempts were made to create huge public housing program with the key factor being improved architectural design. Unfortunately it made the distinctive look make theRead MoreThe Health Care System as a Lucrative Business Versus a Right of Citizenship1243 Words   |  5 Pageshorrible disease of insufficient medical coverage. This issue has always been a problem ever since the concept of health care came in to existence. Health care is an industry, which like all of the like, cannot run effectively without the proper funding. But health care is seen as a private good, so if one cannot afford health care they cannot receive it. The government provides many free, equal opportunity amenities, but not hea lth care. Assertions have been made that the government should have

Marks and Spencer corporate free essay sample

Aims are the long term goals that are planned by the company to be achieved within a period of time and objectives are the steps or guidelines that help with the achievement of the aims. Marks and Spencer Marks and Spencer is a major British retailer that specify in the selling of clothing, home products and luxury food. Marks and Spencer is a public limited company because they sell shares to the public. The main aim of marks and Spencer is to maximize profit and become the worlds most sustainable major retailer by 2015. Some objectives that they have set are to: Develop new brand identities Become an international and a multi-channel retailer Maintain and attract customers To train more people to have the experience in retailing business. How the Stakeholders Influence the Aims and Objectives of Marks and Spencer Stakeholders are a group of people or a person that is affected by the activities of the organization. Marks and Spencer has various stakeholders such as those stated in the introduction and I will explain how they influence the purpose. CUSTOMERS: A customer is a person who buys goods or services from a company. Due to the fact that they do the purchasing of products and services from Marks and Spencer, they make sure whether the reduces they are purchasing are of good quality and they have affordable prices. It is through their purchasing that Marks and Spencer gain their profits. There are ways marks and Spencer use to know and understand concerns of customers. Market research avails the company to get a conception of the requests or wants of the customers such as surveys, questionnaires and others. When a customer visits Marks and Spencer online, there is a page for survey where the customer is asked a couple of questions with a multiple cull answer. If the customers decide to stop buying the product the company will be at loss. In order to retain and maintain the customers, Marks and Spencer has given 50% discount on all prices for a period of time. The customers have a great impact on the aims of Marks and Spencer. Customers also want good customer service. In spite Of the fact that they know what they want and purchase them; they want to be treated politely. EMPLOYEES: Employees are classified as the valued assets in a company. Without their efficiency or skills, Marks and Spencer would not be successful. If they provide good customer services, it is possible for the company to maintain and attract more customers. The employees are interested in good salary or wage and a stable job. If Marks and Spencer understand and takes the employees opinion in to consideration, the efficiency and the productivity of the employees will be high and it can take a good influence on their aim. To evade the employees from going on strike, Marks and Spencer do their best to maintain them. Marks and Spencer compare their salaries to other retailing company and they ascertain they are competitive. They additionally reward the employees according to the work they have consummated. They give 20% discount to all employees and their elites also. This persuades the employee to work harder and maintain them. GOVERNMENT: They create policies or tax strategy governing business. They are interested in the amount of tax Marks and Spencer pay. Recently, Marks and Spencer won its Meme ($53) European Union court case for their right to reduce the foreign losses from its British tax bill. The government is not only interested in the tax. They also show interest in job employment. They want to be sure whether they provide enough jobs for people to be employed and the welfare of the employees is well taken of. Not only do they ass tax laws, they also make laws concerning groceries and the right to the consumers. SHAREHOLDERS: Shareholders are also part of the ownership of marks and Spencer. They have made investment in the company and they have a big impact on the profits and the revenue of the Marks and Spencer. If Marks and Spencer continue to make losses, the shareholders can decide to sell their shares or maintain it. This is because when the profit is high, their dividend also increases. Now that they have gain Million, their dividend will also surge. They are also interested in the growth or performance of Marks and Spencer. It the company performs well, they can predict how much the company can achieve. Last year, the dividend amount per share was 6. Pence but this year it has increased to 10. Pence. This shows the increase in the profit of the company. SUPPLIERS: They provide the stock the company needs. They expect Marks and Spencer to rely on them in terms of distribution of goods. They make sure they provide good or quality product to avoid losing trust from the company. In order to keep the trust, the suppliers check whether the goods are in good condition before they are being supplied. They also have influence on the aims and objectives. SOFAS Sofas is a charity organization that is availing to make poverty history. That is they are helping people who are in need with elementary things in life like water, victuals, medicines and others. They commenced their work about 70 years ago. Sofas is now serving people who have been affected by war, disease and other situations. They seek to make poor people live a better life and help children peregrinate to school. Sofas is an international charity but they are making a global impact. CUSTOMER: A customer is person who purchases goods and services of a company. They give funds to support the activities of the charity and they also buy from the charity. They donate in a form of clothes, food and money. Without their support, the charity will be in a difficult situation. Because of the donations, the charity can supply goods to the other countries. Sofas has a shop that sells books, music, clothes and other stuff and when items are bought from shop, part of the profit gain goes into donation. VOLUNTEERS: People have volunteered to work with Sofas whiles others have been employed as working staff. The volunteers have different activities: They educate people on how to protect their selves from diseases. They help provide the supplies to people that need them. They attract more people to volunteer. Because they want work for the compassion and to be experienced, the charity provides training for them and the charity also saves a lot of money instead of paying them. Their work helps the charity to get more funds from people and it has a good impact on Sofas. Sofas has over three thousand volunteers around the world that has been trained to develop incipient skills and that is the concerns Of most volunteers. EMPLOYEES: The working staff of Sofas has different activities contrary to the volunteers activities. Although Sofas is nonprofit organization, they pay their employees.

The Big Bang Model Essays - Physical Cosmology, Astronomy, Physics

The Big Bang Model It is always a mystery about how the universe began, whether if and when it will end. Astronomers construct hypotheses called cosmological models that try to find the answer. There are two types of models: Big Bang and Steady State. However, through many observational evidences, the Big Bang theory can best explain the creation of the universe. The Big Bang model postulates that about 15 to 20 billion years ago, the universe violently exploded into being, in an event called the Big Bang. Before the Big Bang, all of the matter and radiation of our present universe were packed together in the primeval fireball--an extremely hot dense state from which the universe rapidly expanded.1 The Big Bang was the start of time and space. The matter and radiation of that early stage rapidly expanded and cooled. Several million years later, it condensed into galaxies. The universe has continued to expand, and the galaxies have continued moving away from each other ever since. Today the universe is still expanding, as astronomers have observed. The Steady State model says that the universe does not evolve or change in time. There was no beginning in the past, nor will there be change in the future. This model assumes the perfect cosmological principle. This principle says that the universe is the same everywhere on the large scale, at all times.2 It maintains the same average density of matter forever. There are observational evidences found that can prove the Big Bang model is more reasonable than the Steady State model. First, the redshifts of distant galaxies. Redshift is a Doppler effect which states that if a galaxy is moving away, the spectral line of that galaxy observed will have a shift to the red end. The faster the galaxy moves, the more shift it has. If the galaxy is moving closer, the spectral line will show a blue shift. If the galaxy is not moving, there is no shift at all. However, as astronomers observed, the more distance a galaxy is located from Earth, the more redshift it shows on the spectrum. This means the further a galaxy is, the faster it moves. Therefore, the universe is expanding, and the Big Bang model seems more reasonable than the Steady State model. The second observational evidence is the radiation produced by the Big Bang. The Big Bang model predicts that the universe should still be filled with a small remnant of radiation left over from the original violent explosion of the primeval fireball in the past. The primeval fireball would have sent strong shortwave radiation in all directions into space. In time, that radiation would spread out, cool, and fill the expanding universe uniformly. By now it would strike Earth as microwave radiation. In 1965 physicists Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson detected microwave radiation coming equally from all directions in the sky, day and night, all year.3 And so it appears that astronomers have detected the fireball radiation that was produced by the Big Bang. This casts serious doubt on the Steady State model. The Steady State could not explain the existence of this radiation, so the model cannot best explain the beginning of the universe. Since the Big Bang model is the better model, the existence and the future of the universe can also be explained. Around 15 to 20 billion years ago, time began. The points that were to become the universe exploded in the primeval fireball called the Big Bang. The exact nature of this explosion may never be known. However, recent theoretical breakthroughs, based on the principles of quantum theory, have suggested that space, and the matter within it, masks an infinitesimal realm of utter chaos, where events happen randomly, in a state called quantum weirdness.4 Before the universe began, this chaos was all there was. At some time, a portion of this randomness happened to form a bubble, with a temperature in excess of 10 to the power of 34 degrees Kelvin. Being that hot, naturally it expanded. For an extremely brief and short period, billionths of billionths of a second, it inflated. At the end of the period of inflation, the universe may have a diameter of a few centimetres. The temperature had cooled enough for particles of matter and antimatter to form, and they instantly destroy each other, producing fire and a thin haze of matter-apparently because slightly more matter than antimatter was formed.5 The fireball, and the smoke of its burning, was the universe at an age of trillionth of a second. The

Laos Facts, History, and More

Laos Facts, History, and More Capital: Vientiane, 853,000 population Major cities: Savannakhet, 120,000; Pakse, 80,000; Luang Phrabang, 50,000; Thakhek, 35,000 Government Laos has a single-party communist government, in which the Lao Peoples Revolutionary Party (LPRP) is the only legal political party. An eleven-member Politburo and a 61-member Central Committee make all laws and policies for the country. Since 1992, these policies have been rubber-stamped by an elected National Assembly, now boasting 132 members, all belonging to the LPRP. The head of state in Laos is the General Secretary and President, Choummaly Sayasone. Prime Minister Thongsing Thammavong is the head of government. Population The Republic of Laos has approximately 6.5 million citizens, who are often divided according to altitude into lowland, Midland, and upland Laotians. The largest ethnic group is the Lao, who live mainly in the lowlands and makeup approximately 60% of the population. Other important groups include the Khmou, at 11%; the Hmong, at 8%; and more than 100 smaller ethnic groups that total about 20% of the population and comprise the so-called highland or mountain tribes. Ethnic Vietnamese also make up two percent. Languages Lao is the official language of Laos. It is a tonal language from the Tai language group that also includes Thai and the Shan language of Burma. Other local languages include Khmu, Hmong, Vietnamese and over 100 more. Major foreign languages in use are French, the colonial language, and English. Religion The predominant religion in Laos is Theravada Buddhism, which accounts for 67% of the population. About 30% also practice animism, in some cases alongside Buddhism. There are small populations of Christians (1.5%), Bahai and Muslims. Officially, of course, communist Laos is an atheistic state. Geography Laos has a total area of 236,800 square kilometers (91,429 square miles). It is the only land-locked country in Southeast Asia. Laos borders on Thailand to the southwest, Myanmar (Burma) and China to the northwest, Cambodia to the south, and Vietnam to the east. The modern western border is marked by the Mekong River, the regions major arterial river. There are two major plains in Laos, the Plain of Jars and the Plain of Vientiane. Otherwise, the country is mountainous, with only about four percent being arable land. The highest point in Laos is Phou Bia, at 2,819 meters (9,249 feet). The lowest point is the Mekong River at 70 meters (230 feet). Climate The climate of Laos is tropical and monsoonal. It has a rainy season from May to November, and a dry season from November to April. During the rains, an average of 1714 mm (67.5 inches) of precipitation falls. The average temperature is 26.5 °C (80 °F). Average temperatures over the year range from 34 °C (93 °F) in April to 17 °C (63 °F) in January. Economy Although the economy of Laos has grown at a healthy six to seven percent annually almost every year since 1986  when the communist government loosened central economic control and allowed private enterprise. Nonetheless, more than 75% of the workforce is employed in agriculture, despite the fact that only 4% of the land is arable. While the unemployment rate is only 2.5%, approximately 26% of the population live below the poverty line. Laoss primary export items are raw materials rather than manufactured goods: wood, coffee, tin, copper, and gold. The currency of Laos is the kip. As of July 2012, the exchange rate was $1 US 7,979 kip. History of Laos The early history of Laos is not well-recorded. Archaeological evidence suggests that humans inhabited what is now Laos at least 46,000 years ago, and that complex agricultural society existed there by about 4,000 BCE. Around 1,500 BCE, bronze-producing cultures developed, with complicated funeral customs including the use of burial jars such as those on the Plain of Jars. By 700 BCE, people in what is now Laos were manufacturing iron tools  and had cultural and trade contacts with the Chinese and Indians. In the fourth to eighth centuries CE, people on the banks of the Mekong River organized themselves into Muang, walled cities or petty kingdoms. The Muang were ruled by leaders who paid tribute to more powerful states around them. Populations included the Mon people of the Dvaravati kingdom and proto-Khmer peoples, as well as forebears of the mountain tribes. During this period, animism and Hinduism slowly mixed or gave way to Theravada Buddhism. The 1200s CE saw the arrival of ethnic Tai people, who developed small tribal states centered on semi-divine kings. In 1354, the kingdom of Lan Xang united the area that is now Laos, ruling until 1707, when the kingdom split into three. The successor states were Luang Prabang, Vientiane, and Champasak, all of which were tributaries of Siam. Vientiane also paid tribute to Vietnam.   In 1763, the Burmese invaded Laos, also conquering Ayutthaya (in Siam). A Siamese army under Taksin routed the Burmese in 1778, placing what is now Laos under more direct Siamese control. However, Annam (Vietnam) took power over Laos in 1795, holding it as a vassal until 1828. Laoss two powerful neighbors ended up fighting the Siamese-Vietnamese War of 1831-34 over control of the country. By 1850, the local rulers in Laos had to pay tribute to Siam, China, and Vietnam, although Siam exerted the most influence.   This complicated web of tributary relationships did not suit the French, who were accustomed to the European Westphalian system of nation-states with fixed borders. Having already seized control of Vietnam, the French next wanted to take Siam. As a preliminary step, they used Laoss tributary status with Vietnam as a pretext to seize Laos in 1890, with the intent of continuing on to Bangkok. However, the British wanted to preserve Siam as a buffer between French Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos) and the British colony of Burma (Myanmar).  Siam remained independent, while Laos fell under French imperialism. The French Protectorate of Laos lasted from its formal establishment in 1893 to 1950, when it was granted independence in name but not in fact by France. True independence came in 1954  when France withdrew after its humiliating defeat by the Vietnamese at Dien Bien Phu. Throughout the colonial era, France more or less neglected Laos, focusing on the more accessible colonies of Vietnam and Cambodia instead. At the Geneva Conference of 1954, the representatives of the Laotian government and of Laoss communist army, the Pathet Lao, acted more as observers than participants. As a sort of afterthought, Laos has designated a neutral country with a multi-party coalition government including Pathet Lao members. The Pathet Lao was supposed to disband as a military organization, but it refused to do so.  Just as troubling, the United States refused to ratify the Geneva Convention, afraid that communist governments in Southeast Asia would prove to correct the Domino Theory of spreading communism. Between independence and 1975, Laos was embroiled in a civil war that overlapped with the Vietnam War (American War). The famous Ho Chi Minh Trail, a vital supply line for the North Vietnamese, ran through Laos.  As the US war effort in Vietnam faltered and failed, the Pathet Lao gained an advantage over its non-communist foes in Laos. It gained control of the entire country in August  1975. Since then, Laos has been a communist nation with close ties to neighboring Vietnam and, to a lesser degree, China.

Financial markets Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Financial markets - Coursework Example An asset manager while creating a portfolio diversifies the total investment into an optimal mix of asset class with an aim of either to increase return or reduce risk, so as to create a balanced portfolio. Traditionally asset managers allocated a structure of 45% of assets were invested in equities, 25% in bonds, 15% in property and 15% in cash, based on the client’s need of asset classes which would provide long term capital appreciation for the level of risk that the client is willing to undertake. As per the offered portfolio, 45% of assets were invested in equity which generated high return with high amount of risk, 25% in bonds which generated constant return with reduced risk, 15% in property or real estate which generated substantial amount of return with substantial risk, and 15% in cash or money market instruments which generated constant promised return with low risk. Thus it can be said that the portfolio offered by the asset manager as on one way generated return to the client with low risk as well as paved the way to earn higher return if high risk is undertaken. Thus with an aim to diversify risk and attain balanced returns this balanced portfolio could be achieved. ... + ((PA * ?A) = (50% * 0) + (50% * 10%) = 5% (ii) Expected Return of Mutual Fund F (E(RMF)) = 20% Expected return of stock A (E(RA)) = 15% Risk free rate of return (RF) = 5% Investment in risk free security (PF) = ? Investment in stock A (PA) = ? It is known that, (E(RMF)) = (PF * (RF)) + (PA * E(RA)) Or, 20% = (PF * 5%) + (PA * 15%) So as to increase return, investment in Stock A needs to be increased since it gives higher return than the risk free security. Even if 90% of the total investment is invested in stock A and 10% invested in risk free security, still the Expected return of 20% cannot be reached, as the expected return in that case would be 13.5 + 0.5 = 14%. If we refer to Markowitz portfolio theory so as find the proportion of investment in the portfolio we need to find the correlation coefficient (rAF) of the portfolio. rAF= CovAF / ?F* ?A Where, Covariance of the assets (CovAF) = P* ([(RF) - E(RF)]* [(RA) - E(RA)]) In the absence of the value of E(RF) and (RA) in the pro blem, E(RF) is considered to be 5% as equal to (RF), and 10% as the value of E(RA). Therefore, (CovAF) = 50% ([0.05-0.05]*[0.10-0.10]), which is equal to 0. Therefore, rAF = 0/ 0*0.10, which is also equal to 0. As per Markowitz, If rAF=0, PF = ?A 2/ (?A 2 + ?F 2) PA = ?F 2/ (?A 2 + ?F 2) Therefore, PF = 0.102/ (0.102 + 0) = 1 PA = 0/ (0.102 + 0) = 0 So, (E(RMF)) = (1 * 0.05) + ( 0*0.15 ) = 0.05 = 5% But as the investor wants maximum return so he may choose to invest fully in Stock A which would generate a return of 15%, which is greater than 5%. Thus, it is found that 20% return cannot be generated from the portfolio. (iii) As discussed earlier the portfolio cannot achieve an expected return of 20% so standard deviation of such a portfolio cannot be found. Reference Marling, H. and

CAUSAL ANALYSIS ESSAY Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CAUSAL ANALYSIS - Essay Example It seemed like a trend among my peers to get married a few years after completing high school. My best friend and classmate in high school got married a few months after we had cleared high school. I was tempted to take the same path but took a different path eventually. I knew I needed to join college but also knew that I could study online. I met Jenny in junior high in my first year; she perfectly fitted what I termed as the girl of my dreams. We were in the same class but not the same stream. We were both chosen to represent our school in an inter-school competition. I am a generally introverted and so I decided to sit alone at the back of the bus. For most of the trip, I pondered about different things and tried to think of what the future held for me. At some point, I dosed off only to be woken up by this beautiful girl standing besides me. I thought I was dreaming at first as I raised my head for a split moment before and dosing off again. She went ahead and sat next to me and nudged me to wake up. I eventually did and she introduced herself to me. Through out the trip we engage in a positive and constructive chat. Jenny was every man’s or should I say every boy’s dream in school; she was a smart, sharp, eloquent, beautiful, and hardworking. She seemed to know everything about everything. She was outgoing and a favorite of every teacher for her intelligence. Many of the boys in school had tried to befriend her but felt belittled by her smartness and level of intelligence. Although everyone in school thought we were dating, it never got into my head that I was engaged in a serious relationship. Gradually, I realized we had so much in common and my reserved nature gradually became more accommodative of her. We had a normal relationship with normal challenges for a long time until one day she brought up the subject of marriage. Not that we had never discussed the subject before†¦ she only brought up the subject without mincing words. We made a

Alcohol Abuse Essay Example for Free

Alcohol Abuse Essay Drinking is: fun, makes me more sociable, makes me more relaxed, helps me forget all my problems and lastly, everyone drinks (attention). More than likely a lot of you have heard someone say these thing or even say these things yourself when it comes to drinking (connection). When in fact there is a lot more to drinking alcohol than you think (importance). Growing up I was surrounded by someone who did heavy drinking in my home, and for the past week of researching my topic I now know the toll alcohol take on people first hand (credibility). That is why after my presentation, I want my audience to know three main disadvantages of alcohol abuse which are: impairs judgment, harm the body, and may cause death (thesis). Body: According to drugfreeworld.org, â€Å"Alcohol is best understood as a drug that reduces a person’s ability to think rationally and distorts his or her judgment† (Foundation for a Drug-Free World, 2006–2013). In other words, Alcohol can make a person do things, and take chances they normally wouldn’t while sober (you factor). An example of this would be: becoming violent, experimenting with drugs, having unprotected sex, or drinking and driving. In a community- based study, Pernanen found that, â€Å"42 percent of violent crimes reported to the police involved alcohol† (statistic). In the Chicago tribune there was an article about a Lombard man Adam B. Hearn, 33, he was sentenced 6  ½ years for aggravated battery. His toxic reported stated that he was heavily intoxicated. Hearn said. â€Å"I made a horrible decision and I’m sick about it† (Ward, 2012). Now that I have talked about how alcohol abuse impairs your judgment, Listen to the ways alcohol abuse harms the body (signpost). Studies stated from Jack E. Henningfield, states that â€Å"when someone has an alcoholic drink, the stomach absorbs about 20 percent of the alcohol, and the remaining 80 percent is absorbed by the small intestine† (Henning field, 2008). In other words majority of alcohol is absorbed in your small intestine. (You factor). After being absorbed the alcohol enters the blood stream, where the liver breaks down 90 percent of the alcohol in a process called oxidation. Once all the alcohol is broken down it passes directly from the digestive tract to the brain. By Alcohol being a depressant it blocks some of the messages trying to get to the brain from neurons. Such as: altering a person perception, movement, vision, hearing, and emotions. This is why people who over use alcohol may stagger, lose coordination, or slur speech. Alcohol can also have harm on your outer appearance. Alcohol abuse can: cause ageneses to skin, brittle hair, crackled lips, increase the outbreak of acne and increase the blood flow to skin as well, making someone sweat and look fused. Alcohol can also cause the reduction of blood flow to the muscles. This can cause server muscles cramps. Alcohol abuse does not just harm outer appearances it can also harm you internally. The liver is known to suffering the most damage, since it is the foundation in the alcoholic elimination process. The main condition is Cirrhosis of the liver. Heartburn and stomach ulcers can also result in alcohol abuse. Other links have been made that it can cause cancer of the mouth, stomach and intestines. A much known condition to the body that alcohol abuse forms is alcohol poising. Alcohol poisoning can cause the body to violently vomit, experience extreme sleepiness, go unconscious, difficulty breathing, low blood sugar, and seizure. Furthermore, it is important to know the harm alcohol does to the body, to prevent more serious conditions that can lead to death (sign post). As indicated by Jack E. Henningfield in his book Alcohol Addiction: Not Worth the Buzz, â€Å"Each year, approximately 100,000 deaths can be attributed to drinking-either directly or indirectly† (Henningfield, 2008). This does not simply mean that 100,000 died just from taking a drink but from the poor decision that come from being drunk and from the harm that alcohol causes to the body (you factor). It is a fact that more than half of car accidents and twenty five percent of suicides are somehow linked to the use of alcohol (Henningfield, 2008). When you think about it these are all deaths that are avoidable if people would have chosen to drink less. Every year people die from alcohol abuse; many do not know the disadvantages of drinking alcohol and that is why I chose to do this research. Conclusion: Today I informed you all of the three main disadvantages of drinking too much alcohol which are: impairs your judgment, harms your body, and may cause death (summary). Now that you all know more about the disadvantages of drinking alcohol please take them into consideration (action). So the next time you are having a drink, or getting in the car with a drunk driver, ask yourselves, who is in control (ending)?