Causes of Different Types of Crimes

Ca delectations of Different Types of CrimesDeviant manners ar those behaviors that hostelry does non wish well because the society does not see the behavior as a normal behavior for that society. standardized gay marriages or cross dressers. Deviant behavior that is abominable is when the behavior becomes harmful to those in the society. Like murdering a individual. A behavior that is criminal still not deviant would be driving under the influence or being intoxicated in public. A behavior that is deviant but not criminal would be a teenager with piercings and tattoos all over their body. A behavior that is both deviant and criminal would be spousal abuse. order of magnitude determines which behaviors be deviant and which are criminal. Govern ments or sluice individuals ignore convince local governing that a deviant act is criminal or iniquity versa. Criminal laws vary because the laws are imposed by the local authorities so the laws will be contrasting from city to city, state to state, or unconstipated town to town.Criminologists utilize three primary sources of data that provide development on the nature and extent of law-breaking. Identify and inform each of these three different sources of curse data. Also, assess the efficacys and weaknesses of each source. Finally, provide an example of a research question that a criminologist may be interested in examining and then explain which source of crime data the researcher would need to utilize to answer his/her question.The three primary sources of data that can provide information on the nature and extent of crime are (1) crimes that get describe to the authorities, this includes the uniform crime reports and the national incident based reporting dust (2) victimization follows which includes the national crime victimization survey and (3) the self-report surveys that include the monitoring the future studies.The uniform crime reports are recorded by the FBI and include all the crime s that ware been report to the authorities and how many arrests are made. The report that the FBI makes is sectioned out by city and county by the most serious crimes that occurred. These are called part I crimes and part II crimes Part I crimes include things like rape, robbery and burglary whereas part II crimes include sex crimes and other types of crimes not defined in the part I crimes. A strength for the UCR is the style that the data is collected makes the UCR a good indicator of patterns in crime. A weakness for the UCR is that many crimes are not report to authorities and therefore do not get counted.The national incident based reporting system goes a step further than the UCR does in that it requires local authorities to provide a report of the arrest that includes details of the incident and also information on the victim and the criminal. These reports are sent to the FBI for only trusted offenses that include not only the offenses that the URC covers but also include s dust coat collar crimes and drug offenses. A strength of the national incident based reporting system is that it includes more details on the crimes than the UCR does which will hopefully improve how accurate the crime data is. A weakness of the NIBRS is that it only reports crime that have been reported to authorities it does not include crimes that have taken place but not reported by the victim.The national crime victimization survey is a survey that the census bureau does for the bureau of justice statistics on a yearly basis. The survey collects information from individuals just about crimes even if they were not reported to the police. The survey collects information on the victim, offender and the crime that took place. People that are raped are more likely to report on the survey the crime sooner of reporting it to the police because of fear, shame or embarrassment. A strength of the NCVS is that it includes crimes that are not reported to police by using a survey erst a year. This allows the NCVS to give a more current picture of the annual crime that is taking place. A weakness for the NCVS is that it relies too much on the person taking the survey and hopes that the person remembers the crime correctly. If they dont remember it correctly then the crime gets reported incorrectly.Monitoring the future studies is a type of self-report survey that allows information on crimes to be collected without the person being identified as the offender. It is used to determine out criminal histories and also find out about the participants background to see if links can be made between childhood crimes and drug use or between bad grades and crime. A strength of the self-report survey is that the person remains anonymous so the person is more likely to report drug abuse crimes and other crimes that have not been reported to the authorities. A weakness of the self-report survey is that people with criminal records are not willing to admit to their criminal a ctivity because they do not emergency to go back to jail.A criminologist may be interested in hearting at how to reduce juvenile probation rates. The criminologist could use the data from a self-report survey like the monitoring the future survey to look at crimes that have been committed by the youth and how those can relate to the attitudes of the survey takers to see if there is a link between youth crimes and probation rates and how to reduce those crimes.Rape is one of the most misunderstood and feared crimes. Identify and discuss the causal factors that explain why men commit rape.There are five factors that can explain why men commit rape. (1)Evolutionary, Biological factors, (2) Socialization factors (3) Mental factors (4) Learned behavior and (5) intimate attraction to their victims. Each of these have explanations as to why men commit rape as we will see.The evolutionary, biological factors go back to the solar days of the hollow man. In this factor it is believed the reason a man rapes a women is because it is instinctual or inbreed within him from prehistoric times. Back then if a species was to survive it had to produce outlet and rape of a woman was a way to help ensure the male that his genes were spread and that he had a lot of offspring to keep the species alive. variety of like the survival of the fittest only with a sexual twist. Males that were more aggressive towards women had a better chance of having offspring.The socialization factors leads to men that are taught by society that in almost cases being aggressive and raping a woman is ok especially if they get turned down by a woman. Men who have grown up believing that no means yes are the ones that are the most likely to rape a woman. They have been taught by other males that it is ok to be rough with a woman in this case because it is really what she wants to happen. Other men just rape because it makes them savour like a macroscopic man or like they are the real man in their warped minds.Mental factors that may cause rape include mental illness. legion(predicate) rapist are mentally ill and do not realize that they are. Some have a narcissistic personality disorder that causes them to rape because they want to satisfy their own needs and feel dominant over the woman.In the learned behavior factor it is believed that most rapists have been abused sexually themselves sometime in the past and have learned this behavior from those experiences or have learned the behavior from their friends or from watching porn.Some men rape because they feel a sexual attraction to their victims that they cannot control. Within the sexual motivation factor it is believed that older rapists are more violent with their victims than younger rapists are because the older rapists are motivated by other factors than sexual attraction.Men commit rape for various reasons from wanting to feel like they are in control and are powerful to just wanting to have sex. Others commit rape because they have no control over themselves such(prenominal) as in the case of soul with a mental illness. Others learn how to rape from the abuse they have suffered in the past. In any case rape is rape and it is wrong.Explain the three causal theories of white-collar crime and explain which one best explains the Madoff Affair and why?The three causal theories of white collar crime are the rationalization/ neutralization reaction view, the corporate culture view and the self-control view. Criminals often use these theories to help ease their conscience and help them live with themselves.Our textbook says that rationalizations allow offenders to meet their monetary needs without compromising their values. A lot of criminals start committing crimes when they are very young but with the rationalization view an offender would need to be an expectant and be in a position where they could take advantage of the argumentation that they work for in order to commit a white collar crime . They find themselves in a situation where they need money and commit the crime in hopes that they do not get caught. By the offender being an bragging(a) most of the time they have people in their lives that they do not want to disappoint. By rationalizing the reasons they committed the crime such as needing money to birth bills, etc. it lets them be able to live with the crime that they have committed. In the neutralization view there are three top reasons people use to help them deal with the guilt of the crime they have committed, (1)everyone else does it, (2) its not my fault or responsibility, and (3) no one is hurt except the insurance companies, and they are wealthy. Like the rationalization view the neutralization view helps the criminals deal with the guilt of committing a crime. It is a way to mentally cope and continue to live with what they have done. A lot of people take the stance of its not my fault or responsibility people today want to have money and enjoy smel l but they do not want to work hard to succeeded they want everything handed to them. When this does not happen they turn to white collar crimes so that they can continue to live the life they are used to and resort to using these two views to help them mentally cope with what they have done. I can recollect that living with the knowledge that you have committed a crime especially if that crime is against someone else it has to be hard to deal with that fact every day if you have any kind of conscience at all.The corporate culture view compares businesses with culture. Businesses that promote white collar crime and look the other way when that crime happens is like a culture looking the other way on an act that is happening in a society that they do not agree with. Our textbook states that according to the corporate culture view, some business enterprises cause crime by placing excessive demands on employees, while maintaining a business climate tolerant of employee deviance. To me this is like a big corporation like Windstream that I use to work for. They would put unreasonable demands on the employees that lead to some of the employees committing crimes against the company, but then just look the other way when someone in management would do something that was equally wrong or sometimes even the same crime. Most businesses today want to make a profit no matter what the cost is. When these businesses instill in their employees that making this profit no matter how it is done is a good thing this is when you end up with white collar crimes.The self-control view takes the stance that white collar crime does not happen as often as people think it does because businesses hire people that have a measure of self-control that keeps them from committing a white collar crime. Most white collar criminals want something for nothing. They want the financial reward without the effort of work to earn those rewards. This is the same with any crime such as burglary. The thi ef when he breaks into a house wants to profit from the theft without having to do a lot of work to earn the same amount of money.I feel like the rationalization/neutralization view would best explain the Madoff Affair because Bernard Madoff claimed that he merely wanted to satisfy his clients expectations of high returns and that their demands simply could not be met by legal means. In this statement he was rationalizing the reasons for committing the crimes that he did. He knew that the crimes he had committed over the years were wrong but he did not want to have to live with the guilt of those crimes so he came up with reasons for the crimes that in his mind were valid reasons of why he had to do what he did.Each of the three views of white collar crime has their own way of easing a criminals mind about what crime they have committed. Such as everybody does it or lets just look the other way because greed is good and finally a criminal that wants quick benefits with minimal effor t. Criminals will continue to look for ways to ease their minds about why they commit the crimes that they doSourceSiegel, L. J. (2011). Criminology, the core. (4th ed.). Belmont, CA Wadsworth Pub Co.

Outsourcing ICT In The Tesco Company

Outsourcing ICT In The Tesco CompanyThis is a report about Tescos company ICT outsourcing, familiarity commission and knowledge management systems. In the following paragraphs two questions be going to be answered and analyzed according to the information existing in Tescos case.Outsourcing ICT is preferably commonly substance abused by organisations as an approach to strategic management. Access the advantages and disadvantages that outsourcing can bring in developing effective uses of information systems in an giving medication much(prenominal) as Tesco.The great competition and the global economic crisis that organizations have to face nowadays, made Information Communications Technology outsourcing a really cunning management tool in launch to cut expenses in non-core activities, specific in overheads of Information Technology departments.By deciding to outsource, there would be a smokestack of benefits alone to a fault a number of risks associated with it. It is impo rtant for a decision maker to be aware of the advantages and disadvantages of ICT outsourcing, before making the decision to outsource.Outsourcing ICT has to do with the whole existing information in the line of seam field. It is about net perishs, web design, programming, on delimit shops etc. Network services is the most common ICT services activity outsourced and outsourcers who do not comply with contract will badly influence the organizations solve in a very risky way.The Technology of information and chat is maturation fast and the vendor business has to be updated and synchronized with the era of 2010. So it would be far easier for them to sell their products and serving their nodes in every possible way. tolerant organizations that have to deal with so many products from soap to bread it would be more difficult to take the risk and create their bear Information and communication department from scratch and keep it upgraded while their whole process is running. The res ult of this difficulty in Tescos case is to outsource ICT specific functions to Trilogy Company.The advantages of outsourcing ICT in an organization much(prenominal)(prenominal) as Tesco.ICT is vital to Tesco. Every aspect of their operation is controlled or monitored by ICT stock, distribution, payroll, communication methods, and so on. ICT is essential to the running of a modern store. It is used for planning, monitoring, auditing and communicating between store operations.For example, when an item has its barcode read at the checkout, the system not only logs the price onto the till, but also logs the financial transaction between Tesco and the customer and the accompaniment that the stock has been reduced by one item. This shows the integration of departments by using ICT. All stores are connected to the mainframe at Head way via the Tesco Network.Another advantage of Outsourcing ICT from a business perspective is that organizations are realizing that owning and operating th eir own IT infrastructure no longer makes sense. The cost of that is much bigger and the results are never guaranteed. This coupled with the common choice lack make outsourcing a viable alternative.It is very important for organizations to adopt the right approach of outsourcing ICT in order to have benefits. The outsourced ICT selected company they are going to cooperate with, must follow certain organizations demands. First they have to manage well specific ICT functions in stages, to work with responsibility over review performance, to make adjustments and to support technically with experienced system engineers. The gained confidence and in-house acceptance by the organization as well a very good relationship and cooperation will give the best benefits in the organizations performance.With the right approach and the suitable outsourcing of ICT the organizations will manage to stay high at the competitive edge in the market. Serving the customers in the best way and surprising w ith new ways of purchasing their products (for ex. via online-shops), their loyalty will be unbroken and the margins will be increased.A big company like Tesco has many sub-stores, some in the analogous country and some abroad. The communication between them and the line the company sets everywhere should be well established. ICT helps in this area and it is the primary reason that chain branches use ICT.In summary outsourcing ICT for a company such as Tesco is important for increasing the ability to reach the goals of the company, reduce human risks, saving time, helping the company to stay competitive and minimize the operating costs.The Disadvantages of Outsourcing ICT in an organization such as Tesco.As it was already mentioned above, the outsourcing ICT has also disadvantages that raise the risk the company has to take.For example, at times, it is more cost-effective to conduct a position business process, rather than outsourcing it, not that much in IT but maybe the compan ys upgrade wants are small and opposed to the ICT Companys big fees.When you begin to outsource your business processes, you might find it difficult to manage the offshore provider when compared to managing processes inwardly your organization.In case, your outsource ICT service provider becomes bankrupt or goes out of business, your organization will have to transfer immediately the business processes in-house or find another outsourcing providerThe employees in your organization might not like the sentiment of outsourcing your processes and they might express lack of interest or lack of quality at work. Also outsourcing can create potential redundancies for your organization because a lot of employees may lose their jobs.Your outsourcing provider might not be the right who is providing services for your organization. Also the quality of the service isnt always guaranteed, especially in low-price agreements.Since your provider might be catering the needs of several companies, the re might be not be complete devotion to you and your company something that shouldnt happen if you own the ICT department.In outsourcing, you may lose control over the process that is outsourced and dont be able to fix something in time because you are not in film of this field. Outsourcing, though cost-effective, might have hidden costs, such as the legal costs incurred while signing a contract between companies and you might also have to spend a lot of time and effort in getting the contract signed.There can be several disadvantages in outsourcing, such as, renewing contracts, misunderstanding of the contract, lack of communication, poor quality and delayed services amongst others.The disadvantages of outsourcing give to organizations an opportunity to think about what they are stepping into. However if you find a reliable outsourcing partner you probably wont face any of these disadvantages of outsourcing.Question 2What do you understand by cognition management and knowledge man agement systems? Analyze how useful such a system could be to Tesco and why it is often difficult to persuade employees to use such systems.Knowledge Management refers to the process of collecting the gathered experience of a company or organization, whether it is in databases or documents, or even in the minds of executives of the company or organization and because share it and use it at those parts of the business that will provide the maximum contributory benefit.KM has been growing rapidly in the last old age as a business model. More and more businesses and organizations have developed stores of knowledge related to customer service, product development, human resource management, etc. This fact also created new jobs related to knowledge management and made a necessity for the existence of knowledge management in a modern business and the need for trained managers to be responsible for the process.Nowadays fields like media, information, computer science, public policy and p ublic health have started contributing to Knowledge Management research. Also non-profit organizations and huge companies have resources specific to internal Knowledge Management efforts, usually as a part of their business strategy, human resource management and information technology departments.There are many consulting companies that advice and provide strategy regarding KM to the organizations.For the better use of Knowledge Management the companies needed to use Knowledge Management Systems mostly IT based systems that manage the knowledge in companies , gather it, storage it and sharing it as information. Such systems as Software tools, databases, networks, internet access, worldwide communication etc.A KM system is needed to enable employees to have quick access to the organizations databases, sources of information, and solutions, this is mainly helping to encourage mental hospital and improve efficiency. When employees have the knowledge or information and are able to us e it at the right time, relationships with customers, suppliers and dealers improve. These workers are able to make better decisions by using the information that their company gives them access to.How useful such a system could be to Tesco and why it is often difficult to persuade employees to use such systems.A Company like Tesco today has to gather the wisdom and knowledge as fast as they can. Share the results across the rest of their branches and at the same time continue to develop and share new knowledge. Tescos leaders know how serious is to let the knowledge flow within the organization.Tesco is consist of 220,000 human beings, which center that is necessary to make an environment that would help their staff feel motivated and valued with return the better service to their customers. Loyalty is basically driven by personal relationships and the employees are the face of the company when a customer enters a Tesco branch.From the results of the projects that have been taking place they realized that there were customers who were not experiencing warm and amiable service from Tesco and that internal levels of staff morale were suffering in reaction to increasingly ambitious cost and efficiency targets in stores.Trilogy (WhatIf, InterAction and Bridge consulting companies) was chartered by Tesco to help transform the quality of its customer service and raise it to the market-leading standard. To reach the needs of Tescos millions of customers Trilogy developed the Living renovation Programme. The main idea of this archetype was to change for the best. It was also clear that its aim was the change of process and not the change of the people but by, with and for Tesco people.In many ways the Living Service Programme is Tescos recognition, through committed investment of time and money. Among the projects significant intangible benefits is the widely noted enhancement in the quality of dialogue and communication within stores. Staffs report that the them and us culture is practically a thing of the past, with deep effects on the work climate and employee attitudes to the company.The programme was designed to improve shipment bottom-up as well top-down in the organization and this needed to be clear to avoid the misunderstandings. It was undertaken by 660 stores in 26 weeks, in this terminus the staff trained to provide excellent service and cooperation with the other employees and also using the knowledge/information when needed.The usefulness of LSProgramme was obvious to the head managers of Tesco and the Trilogy Company but from the employees there was skepticism. People often feel vulnerable to the importation of techniques that may appear to criticize their behavior, values, and styles of interaction. Also Initiatives with really innovative attributes may be case-hardened with suspicion if they come from the organizations leadership because their apparent oddity can be interpreted as a failure to understand the day to day creation of the business. One of the key enemies of change is the perception that change is being imposed by one group upon another.Tesco managed to redirect the evolution of its culture in a way that keyed into its employees beliefs and motivations while focusing faithfully on the needs of its customers. This was a project in which the personal became the practical a case of cultural change carried out at the human scale, person by person, and action by action.

Chatting, Online Communities, and Cyber-Rape :: Personal Response Chat Message Essays

Chatting, Online Communities, and Cyber-Rape What is an online community? An online community is a computer location where people can go to access information or to get an answer to a question that they might have. Examples of online communities are chat rooms and discussion boards. Chatting, posting, and responding to different things on the internet are some of my favored activities. With just a click of a button, I am able to access any topic, from the weather forecast to the score of yesterdays football(a) game game. Online communities are fun and interesting. However, some people find them addictive and harmful. My membership in an online community showed me the necessity for self-discipline so that I could enjoy the benefits of this suffer without risking psychological damage. On Thursday, October 3, 2002, through Monday October 7, 2002, I performed a 5-day project that enabled me to search for an online community, become a member, observe what was going on, and r espond to the community. I searched everywhere tone for a community that satisfied my interests, but I could not find one. I finally logged on to http//www.mtv.com/community/ essence_boards/ . This is a website that gives people all kinds of information, whether it is around news or music issues. While surfing this site, I found out that it had discussion boards and chat rooms. I logged on as a guest, and then I looked around the site to see if this was the community for me. I browsed through many of the discussion boards offered, but I did not post any messages because I was just observing what was going on. While observing, I read different responses people had posted on particular topics. The language that they were using was plains and simple very much consisting of incomplete sentences. The messages that I read were mainly about music. Since listening to music is another one of my favorite hobbies, I felt that joining a message board pertaining to music would give m e better insights into favorite choices of music. The people who logged onto this website seemed cool and easy to talk to. They were of all ages, ranging from teens to adults. They also were from varied ethnic backgrounds and lived in places all over the country.

Modernization Theory Essay -- Sociology Modernization Essays Papers

Modernization TheoryModernization is the term used for the transition from the traditional society of the past to modern society as it is found today in the West. Modernization hypothesis refers to a variety of non-Marxist perspectives which have been put forward to explain the development or underdevelopment of countries. Modernization theory is a model of economic and social development that explains global inequality in terms of differing levels of technological development among societies. Modernization theory presents the idea that by introducing modern methods in technology, agricultural production for trade, and industrialization dependent on a mobile labour force, the underdeveloped countries will experience a change in their economies. Modernization theory offers an account of the common features of the process of development drawing on the analysis of Durkheim and Weber. Development implies the bridging of these gaps by an imitative process, occurring in stages, much(pre nominal) that traditional sectors and/or countries gradu eithery assume the qualities of the modern western countries. There are many proponents of Modernization Theory, such as, Walter Rostow, W.A. Lewis, Talcott Parsons, and Daniel Lerner, however the theory has its roots in the ideas of Durkheim and Weber. The proponents of the modernization theory all felt that the rest of the world needed to look to the Western model of modernity and pattern their society like the West in order to progress. Modernization theory was developed as an alternative to the Marxist account of social development. Modernization Theory Divides the World into two kinds of societies modern and traditional. traditional societies are backward looking Dominated by religious a... ...hat poor countries are separated from the world economy. It ignores the possibility that one countrys prosperity may inculpate another countries poverty. Further, modernization theory ignores the roles that powerful state gove rnments play in helping with wealth-creation as they support, regulate, and direct economic growth. Modernization theory is an unworkable withdraw for facilitating Caribbean growth because of the many weaknesses, which have been highlighted. The modernization theory although is without a doubt one of he most influential theory, is in fact an unworkable reap to Caribbean development as it simply describes the development process without showing how it might be achieved. The theory is in fact a unilinear, ethnocentric theory and it is with all its shortcomings which one can conclude that it provides an unworkable guide to Caribbean development.

Inhumanity in Flannery O’Connor’s A Good Man is Hard to Find and Shirle

In Flannery OConnors, A computable Man is delicate to Find, and Shirley Jacksons, The Lottery, both short stories deal with mans barbarity in different situations, and suppressing with a similar consequence. Jackson and OConnor both use two characters to depict man having the power to manipulate truth and remonstration into something people accept. In OConnors A Good Man is Hard to Find, the Misfit is a character in need of desired assistance, troubled and confuse he wanders savagely murdering strangers. On the opposite side of the ring, you have a seemingly traditional early 1900s Caucasian senior citizen traveling with her family. Hasting to unfounded time, the grandmother drives her family all through the Southeastern states. The two meet in a tire blow out, and for the grandmothers wicked mouth this exit be the end for the entire family. In a haste reaction trying to spare her own life other than her already dead family, she extends her arm towards the cold killer trying to unravel the slightest last bit of morality the Misfit has. At that moment, her Christian morals are revealed, but sadly the old woman finally was silenced. The Misfit discharged his gun, scared and just in awe at the hope and desperation the grandmother had in her Christian hopes of saving her life. Humorously towards the killing the Misfit quotes, She would of been a unspoiled woman, The Misfit said, if it had been somebody there to shoot her every minute of her life. In Matthew 1039 Jesus says, Whoever finds his life will lose it, and whoever loses his life for my sake will find it. OConnor delves into this paradox in several of the short stories in A Good Man Is Hard to Find. For instance, the grandmother in A Good Man Is Hard to Find loses her earthl... ...er not using her voice caused her to lose her life by not speaking she already had placed her hands into contrivance obedience resulting in her stoning. Being very inhuman, these stories tackle the very essence of inhum anity in tradition. Are you willing to play the lottery? Works CitedHooten, Jessica. Comp. Baylor University. EBSCOhost laissez faire in OConnors A GOOD MAN IS HARD TO FIND, (2008). EBSCO Publishing Service Selection Page. Web. 15 Nov. 2010.Connors, Flannery O A Good Man Is Hard to Find. Pegasus Web Server Home Page. Web. 15 Nov. 2010.Shields, Patrick J. EBSCOhost Arbitrary Condemnation and Sanctioned Violence in Shirley Jacksons the Lo... Vol. 7.No.4 (2004) 411-19. EBSCO Publishing Service Selection Page. Dec. 2004. Web. 15 Nov. 2010.Jackson, Shirley. The Lottery--Shirley Jackson. Classic in short Stories. Web. 15 Nov. 2010.

Cervical Cancer: The Best Form of Prevention Is To Be Informed And Awar

Cervical pubic louse is the second most common cancer among women and the leading cause of death among women in underdeveloped countries. In fact, 500,000 cases are diagnosed each grade worldwide. This particular cancer is found mainly in old to older women it is very rare to find it in women age fifteen and younger. The average age of women with cervical cancer is age 50-55 however, the cancer begins to appear in women in their twenties (2). It is also found in women of lower-class areas, as they are not able to see a gynecologist to be screened. African American, Hispanic, and Native American women are more prone to developing cervical cancer as well (1).The cervix is an organ in the female generative system it is the entrance to the uterus. Cancer of the cervix develops in the lining of the cervix. The normal cells go through abnormal changes and become precancerous cells. These changes are called Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN). CIN is reason as low grade and high grade. It progresses to one of two conditions (a) Squamos Intraepithelial Lesion (SIL) which leads to invasive cervical cancer, or (b) Carcinoma in Situ which is non-invasive, or localized, cervical cancer (1). The causes of cervical cancer are unknown. However, scientists believe that there is a link between two kinds of Human Papallomavirus (HPV) and the cancer. HPV is a group of 100 different viruses. Some types of HPV cause warts and are considered low-risk when discussing causes of cervical cancer. However, other types of HPV cause precancerous conditions, resulting in different types of genital cancers, and is therefore considered high-risk (1). HPV is a sexually transmitted disease and it is extremely contagious. late resear... ...t like everyone else.Here is the unsettling part Had I skipped that Pap smear during my sophomore year, I would have had invasive cervical cancer within a year and would have had to undergo chemotherapy. So once again, and I cannot stress this en ough, the best form of prevention of cervical cancer is to be informed and aware. If you are a woman age 18 or older, whether you are sexually active or not, go see a gynecologist.References1)Oncology Channel http//www.oncologychannel.com/cervicalcancer/2)American Cancer Society Do We Know What Causes Cervical Cancer? http//www.cancer.org/docroot/cri/content/cri_2_4_2x_do_we_know_what_causes_cervical_cancer_8.asp?sitearea=ped3)BestDoctor.com Pap Smears http//www.bestdoctors.com/en/askadoctor/b/buchi/wbuchi_100300_q3.htm4)Cervical Dysplasia Causes http//cervical-dysplasia-causes.com/

Cold War - The Changing Relationship of the Superpowers :: American America History

Cold War - The Changing Relationship of the SuperpowersThe United States and Soviet Union, the single most important rivalry of the twentieth century, started as a partnership. This irony was caused by the fact that the Germans were taking over Europe, which forced them in this relationship. Once Hitler was eliminated and Berlin destroyed, the tensions began rising. These dickens nations had completely opposite ideologies from the economic system to the political system. The changing relationship has evolved from a forced partnership, a possible world war and now at long last a steadying friendship. The entire world was watching as the Cold War went from moments of dtente, to hours at the brink of world war three. The Germans and the Russian had an coalescency at the beginning of the war but Hitler turned on the Soviets. This caused the Soviets to join the British and American side and led the advance on Germany from two fronts. The German war machine kept this alliance at bay o nly for so long before the two nations destroyed Berlin. The Soviets were already keeping defy of all that was east of Germany, and this was causing the United States great anxiety due to the fact that communism was spreading. A great sense of relief came to the United States as the Nuclear Age began with the Manhattan Project and the Bombing of Japan. Stalin was now afraid that the United States would one-day force capitalist ideas upon Mother Russia, until the most intriguing aspect of the cold war came along, spies. A great change came when in the early 1950s the Soviets started testing their own nuclear weapon. The United States could not understand how they had their own nuclear weapon so quickly the answer today is so simple the plans were stolen. All aspects of life for the United States and the Soviets were to beat each other. Tensions stayed high in the Olympics, the space race, ICBMs, the Korean and Vietnam wars. The highest dit of tension during the entire Cold War was the Cuban Missile Crisis. Up until this point the Soviet sphere of influence did not reach into the Western hemisphere except for the spies. Castro had now changed this paradigm, allowing Soviet missiles to be set-up in Cuba. This is the point at which most people believed we were closest to a total Nuclear War. The real bulwark from this possible total war was known as MAD.